Published in 2005, The Red List of Endemic Trees & Shrubs of Ethiopia and Eritrea was the first complete assessment of the conservation status of endemic woody species for these two countries. This report provides IUCN Red List assessments for 122 species and 13 subspecies. The East African countries of Ethiopia and Eritrea have one of the richest assemblages of plants in the African continent. Assessment of the conservation status of the woody species of Ethiopia and Eritrea is an important first step in planning conservation and sustainable use activities for threatened plants.